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1.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 54(3): e10504, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1153517

ABSTRACT

Molecular changes that affect mitochondrial glycolysis have been associated with the maintenance of tumor cells. Some metabolic factors have already been described as predictors of disease severity and outcomes. This systematic review was conducted to answer the question: Is the glycolytic pathway correlated with the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)? A search strategy was developed to retrieve studies in English from PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science using keywords related to squamous cell carcinoma, survival, and glycolytic pathway, with no restriction of publication date. The search retrieved 1273 publications. After the titles and abstracts were analyzed, 27 studies met inclusion criteria. Studies were divided into groups according to two subtopics, glycolytic pathways and diagnosis, which describe the glycolytic profile of OSCC tumors. Several components of tumor energy metabolism found in this review are important predictors of survival of patients with OSCC.


Subject(s)
Humans , Mouth Neoplasms/diagnosis , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/diagnosis , Glycolysis , Mouth Neoplasms/metabolism , Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/metabolism
2.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 71(6): 1853-1860, Nov.-Dec. 2019. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1055134

ABSTRACT

Avaliaram-se os efeitos do sistema de resfriamento evaporativo com pressão negativa (SRE) e aspersão de água sobre o telhado (AAT), as variáveis termofisiológicas, os hormônios tireoidianos e a relação neutrófilo:linfócito (N:L) em porcas. Utilizaram-se 61 fêmeas em lactação, que foram divididas nos dois ambientes térmicos, sendo 30 em SRE e 31 em AAT, no verão. A temperatura e a umidade do ar, a frequência respiratória (FR), as temperaturas de superfície (TS) e retal (TR), a concentração de tiroxina e de tri-iodotironina, o número de neutrófilos e linfócitos e a relação N:L foram determinados. A temperatura ambiente pela manhã foi menor em SRE que em AAT (22,1ºC vs. 23,5ºC) e pela tarde (24,8ºC vs. 28,0ºC). Em ambos os períodos, a FR, a TS e a TR foram menores em SRE (de manhã 49 resp.min-1, 31,1ºC e 38,5ºC, respectivamente, e à tarde 55 resp.min-1, 30,3ºC e 38,8ºC, respectivamente) que em AAT (de manhã 54 resp.min-1, 32,8ºC e 38,6ºC, respectivamente; e à tarde 65 resp.min-1, 31,4ºC e 39,1ºC, respectivamente). Animais sob galpão AAT apresentaram menores concentrações de T4 que animais sob SRE (37,84 vs. 42,22nmol.L-1). Em ambiente tropical, no verão, porcas lactantes de ambos os sistemas mantêm a homeotermia.(AU)


The effects of the evaporative cooling system with negative pressure (ECS) and water spray on the roof (WSR) on physiological variables, thyroid hormones and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (N:L) in lactating sows were evaluated. Sixty-one lactating females were divided in the two thermal environments, being 30 in SRE and 31 in the AAT shed in the summer. The air temperature and humidity, respiratory frequency (RF), surface temperatures (ST) and rectal (RT), serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentration, number of neutrophils and lymphocytes and the N/L ratio were determined. In the afternoon, the matrices in ECS (Tar: 25.0°C and THI: 74.7) and WSR (Tar: 27.6°C and THI: 77.3) were exposed to heat stress. In the morning, RF, ST and RT were lower in ECS (49 breaths.min -1 , 31.1°C and 38.5°C, respectively) than WSR (54 breaths.min -1 , 32.8°C and 38.6°C) and also in the afternoon ECS (55 breaths.min -1 , 30.3°C and 38.8°C, respectively) and WSR (65 breaths.min -1 , 31.4°C and 39.1°C, respectively). Animals under WSR shed presented lower concentrations of T4 than animals under ECS (37.84 vs 42.22nmol.L -1 ). In a tropical environment, in the summer, lactating sows of both systems maintain homeothermia.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Swine/physiology , Thyroid Hormones/analysis , Animal Welfare , Heat-Shock Response/physiology
3.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 46(4): 429-435, ago. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1013807

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Because of its composition, ultra-processed foods can contribute to excess weight. The objective of the study was to verify the association between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and overweight in adolescents. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 617 adolescents. Sociodemographic, anthropometric and food consumption data were evaluated. Linear regression analyses were used to verify the association. Ultra-processed foods presented higher proportions of carbohydrates, lipids and saturated fat in relation to the total diet consumed. However, this food group had a lower proportion of proteins and fibers. Intake of ultra-processed foods was more frequent in females and being overweight was positively associated with the ingestion of ultra-processed foods. The high consumption of ultra-processed foods can contribute to weight gain. Therefore, the reduction of consumption of ultra-processed foods should be encouraged to improve eating habits.


RESUMEN Debido a su composición, los alimentos ultraprocesados pueden contribuir al exceso de peso. El objetivo del estudio fue verificar la asociación entre el consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados y el sobrepeso en adolescentes. Estudio transversal con 617 adolescentes. Se evaluaron los datos sociodemográficos, antropométricos y de consumo de alimentos. Se usaron análisis de regresión lineal para verificar la asociación. Los alimentos ultraprocesados presentaron mayores proporciones de carbohidratos, lípidos y grasas saturadas en relación con la dieta total consumida. Sin embargo, este grupo de alimentos tenía una menor proporción de proteínas y fibras. La ingesta de ultraprocesados fue más frecuente en las mujeres y el sobrepeso se asoció positivamente con la ingestión de alimentos ultraprocesados. El alto consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados puede contribuir al aumento de peso. Por lo tanto, se debe fomentar la reducción del consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados para mejorar los hábitos alimenticios.


Subject(s)
Humans , Nutritional Status , Adolescent , Prepared Foods , Feeding Behavior , Fast Foods , Obesity , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies
4.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 51(11): e7169, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-951729

ABSTRACT

Neonatal asphyxia occurs due to reduction in oxygen supply to vital organs in the newborn. Rapid restoration of oxygen to the lungs after a long period of asphyxia can cause lung injury and decline of respiratory function, which result from the activity of molecules that induce vascular changes in the lung such as nitric oxide (NO) and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF). In this study, we evaluated the pulmonary and vascular morphometry of rats submitted to the model of neonatal asphyxia and mechanical ventilation, their expression of pulmonary VEGF, VEGF receptors (VEGFR-1/VEGFR-2), and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). Neonate Sprague-Dawley rats (CEUA #043/2011) were divided into four groups (n=8 each): control (C), control submitted to ventilation (CV), hypoxia (H), and hypoxia submitted to ventilation (HV). The fetuses were harvested at 21.5 days of gestation. The morphometric variables measured were body weight (BW), total lung weight (TLW), left lung weight (LLW), and TLW/BW ratio. Pulmonary vascular measurements, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, VEGF, and eNOS immunohistochemistry were performed. The morphometric analysis showed decreased TLW and TLW/BW ratio in HV compared to C and H (P<0.005). Immunohistochemistry showed increased VEGFR-2/VEGF and decreased VEGFR-1 expression in H (P<0.05) and lower eNOS expression in H and HV. Median wall thickness was increased in H, and the expression of VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, VEGF, and eNOS was altered, especially in neonates undergoing H and HV. These data suggested the occurrence of arteriolar wall changes mediated by NO and VEGF signaling in neonatal hypoxia.


Subject(s)
Animals , Asphyxia Neonatorum/therapy , Respiration, Artificial/adverse effects , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1/analysis , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/analysis , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/analysis , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/analysis , Lung/pathology , Arterioles/pathology , Reference Values , Asphyxia Neonatorum/physiopathology , Asphyxia Neonatorum/pathology , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Immunohistochemistry , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Disease Models, Animal , Lung/physiopathology , Lung/blood supply
5.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 68(2): 489-496, mar.-abr. 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-779784

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se com este estudo estimar parâmetros genéticos para produções parciais e acumuladas de ovos em uma linha fêmea de frangos de corte comercial. Foram considerados 10 períodos mensais entre 25 e 64 semanas, três períodos parciais de 25 a 32, 33 a 48 e 49 a 64 semanas, e três períodos acumulados de 25 até 30, 40 e 50 semanas de idade. Os componentes de covariância e parâmetros genéticos foram obtidos pelo método da máxima verossimilhança restrita, sob o modelo animal considerando o efeito fixo de incubação e os efeitos aleatórios genético aditivo e residual. As estimativas de herdabilidade variaram de 0,12 a 0,41. Evidenciou-se que os períodos anteriores e posteriores ao maior nível de produção apresentam maior variabilidade genética. As correlações genéticas entre os períodos de produção de ovos estudados variaram de -0,12 a 0,98. De modo geral, o padrão de variação foi semelhante entre as estratégias avaliadas, e todas foram geneticamente associadas com a produção total. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que a melhoria da produção total é viável por meio de seleção de registros parciais. No entanto, caso se considere a eficiência relativa de seleção, o segundo mês e os períodos a partir da quadragésima semana de produção seriam os mais indicados.


The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for partial and cumulative egg production in a commercial broiler female line. Ten monthly periods between 25 and 64 weeks, three partial periods of 25 to 32, 33 to 48 and 49 to 64 cumulative weeks and three periods of 25 to 30, 40 and 50 weeks of age and total egg production were considered. The restricted maximum likelihood method under the animal model was used to estimate the covariance components and genetic parameters. The fixed effect of incubation and the additive genetic and residual random effects were considered. The estimated heritability ranged from 0.12 to 0.41. These estimates showed that the anterior and posterior periods of the higher production have greater genetic variability. The genetic correlations between periods of the egg production studied ranged from -0.12 to 0.98. In general, the pattern of variation was similar between the strategies evaluated and all were genetically associated with the total egg production. The results of this study showed that the improvement of the total egg production is feasible by selection of partial records. However, considering the relative efficiency of selection, the second month and the periods from the fortieth week of production would be the most suitable.


Subject(s)
Animals , Poultry/anatomy & histology , Poultry/genetics , Eggs , Genetic Load , Chickens/genetics , Molecular Sequence Annotation/trends , Pedigree , Phenotype
6.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 18(1): 149-156, jan.-mar. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-780047

ABSTRACT

RESUMO O controle de fitonematóides é uma tarefa difícil. A alta infestação de nematoides no solo obriga os produtores a usarem doses mais elevadas de nematicidas, ou ainda, a aumentarem a freqüência das aplicações, geralmente no solo, ocasionando maior potencial de dano ao homem e ao ambiente. Além disso, nematicidas convencionais vêm sofrendo grandes restrições de uso em muitos países. Desse modo, a busca de novas medidas de controle de fitonematóides é uma prioridade da agricultura sustentável. Desta forma, objetivou-se estudar o efeito de óleos essenciais de Lippia Alba, na mortalidade de juvenis pré-parasitas do segundo estádio de Meloidogyne incognita. O ensaio foi montado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 4 repetições, em esquema fatorial 3×4 (3 quimiotipos x 4 concentrações) empregando-se três diferentes quimiotipos de L. Alba (I, II, III) nas concentrações de 0, 100, 500 e 1000 ppm, coletados em diferentes horas do dia (7, 9, 13, 16 e 19h). Os dados coletados (% de mortalidade) foram submetidos à análise de variância e os valores médios comparados por meio do teste de Tukey. Foi possível concluir que Lippia alba contém, em seu óleo essencial, compostos com efeitos significativos na mortalidade de juvenis de segundo estádio (J2) de M. incognita. Dessa forma, é importante destacar que o acentuado efeito nematicida do óleo essencial de L. alba sugere a possibilidade de seu uso no controle de M. incognita.


ABSTRACT The control of nematodes is difficult. The high infestation of nematodes in the soil requires the producers use higher doses of nematicides, increasing the frequency of applications, usually in soil, causing negative effects to humans and the environment. Furthermore, conventional nematicides have suffered great use restrictions in many countries. Thus, the search for new measures to control nematodes is a priority of sustainable agriculture. Thus, the objective of this study was available the effect of essential oils from Lippia Alba against Meloidogyne incognita. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications in a factorial 3x4 (3 chemotypes and 4 concentrations) using three different chemotypes of L. Alba (I, II, III) at concentrations of 0, 100, 500 and 1000 ppm, collected in different times of day (7 AM, 9 AM, 1 PM, 4 PM e 7 PM). The data collected (% mortality) were subjected to analysis of variance and mean values were compared using the Tukey test. It was able to conclude that L. alba contains in its essential oil, compounds with significant effects on mortality of M. incognita. Thus, it is important to note that the greatest nematicide effect of essential oil of L. alba suggests the possibility of its use to control M. incognita.


Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile/pharmacology , Lippia , Soil/classification , Nematoda/classification , Antinematodal Agents/analysis
7.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 49(7): e5258, 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-785058

ABSTRACT

Neonatal asphyxia can cause irreversible injury of multiple organs resulting in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). This injury is dependent on time, severity, and gestational age, once the preterm babies need ventilator support. Our aim was to assess the different brain and intestinal effects of ischemia and reperfusion in neonate rats after birth anoxia and mechanical ventilation. Preterm and term neonates were divided into 8 subgroups (n=12/group): 1) preterm control (PTC), 2) preterm ventilated (PTV), 3) preterm asphyxiated (PTA), 4) preterm asphyxiated and ventilated (PTAV), 5) term control (TC), 6) term ventilated (TV), 7) term asphyxiated (TA), and 8) term asphyxiated and ventilated (TAV). We measured body, brain, and intestine weights and respective ratios [(BW), (BrW), (IW), (BrW/BW) and (IW/BW)]. Histology analysis and damage grading were performed in the brain (cortex/hippocampus) and intestine (jejunum/ileum) tissues, as well as immunohistochemistry analysis for caspase-3 and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP). IW was lower in the TA than in the other terms (P<0.05), and the IW/BW ratio was lower in the TA than in the TAV (P<0.005). PTA, PTAV and TA presented high levels of brain damage. In histological intestinal analysis, PTAV and TAV had higher scores than the other groups. Caspase-3 was higher in PTAV (cortex) and TA (cortex/hippocampus) (P<0.005). I-FABP was higher in PTAV (P<0.005) and TA (ileum) (P<0.05). I-FABP expression was increased in PTAV subgroup (P<0.0001). Brain and intestinal responses in neonatal rats caused by neonatal asphyxia, with or without mechanical ventilation, varied with gestational age, with increased expression of caspase-3 and I-FABP biomarkers.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Brain/blood supply , Caspase 3/analysis , Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins/analysis , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/complications , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/pathology , Intestine, Small/blood supply , Asphyxia Neonatorum/complications , Asphyxia Neonatorum/pathology , Biomarkers/analysis , Blotting, Western , Brain/pathology , Disease Models, Animal , Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/etiology , Gestational Age , Immunohistochemistry , Intestine, Small/pathology , Malondialdehyde/analysis , Premature Birth , Rats, Wistar , Reference Values , Respiration, Artificial
8.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 48(3): 234-239, 03/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-741255

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to demonstrate that congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) results in vascular abnormalities that are directly associated with the severity of pulmonary hypoplasia and hypertension. These events increase right ventricle (RV) afterload and may adversely affect disease management and patient survival. Our objective was to investigate cardiac function, specifically right ventricular changes, immediately after birth and relate them to myocardial histological findings in a CDH model. Pregnant New Zealand rabbits underwent the surgical procedure at 25 days of gestation (n=14). CDH was created in one fetus per horn (n=16), and the other fetuses were used as controls (n=20). At term (30 days), fetuses were removed, immediately dried and weighed before undergoing four-parameter echocardiography. The lungs and the heart were removed, weighed, and histologically analyzed. CDH animals had smaller total lung weight (P<0.005), left lung weight (P<0.005), and lung-to-body ratio (P<0.005). Echocardiography revealed a smaller left-to-right ventricle ratio (LV/RV, P<0.005) and larger diastolic right ventricle size (DRVS, P<0.007). Histologic analysis revealed a larger number of myocytes undergoing mitotic division (186 vs 132, P<0.05) in CDH hearts. Immediate RV dilation of CDH hearts is related to myocyte mitosis increase. This information may aid the design of future strategies to address pulmonary hypertension in CDH.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Burnout, Professional/psychology , Depression/psychology , Mental Health , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Workload/psychology
9.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 67(1): 274-282, 2/2015. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-741090

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se com este estudo estimar parâmetros genéticos para o número total de leitões nascidos (NTLN), número de leitões nascidos vivos (NLNV) e número de leitões vivos aos cinco dias de idade (NLV5) com modelos de regressão aleatória e averiguar melhor modelagem da variância residual na avaliação das trajetórias genéticas do tamanho da leitegada de fêmeas Landrace e Large White. Os dados utilizados foram provenientes de uma granja de melhoramento genético de suínos e continham 2.388 observações de fêmeas Landrace e 2.325 de Large White. Os modelos de melhor ajuste para o NTLN e NLV5 foram os que consideraram a variância residual homogênea e, para NLNV, o modelo com quatro classes de variâncias residuais foi o mais adequado (BIC). Para Landrace, o efeito materno não foi significativo. O modelo que incluiu o efeito materno e quatro classes de variância residual foi o que apresentou melhor ajuste para NTLN na raça Large White, sendo os modelos sem efeito materno e com variância residual homogênea os mais adequados para NLNV e NLV5. As herdabilidades estimadas variaram de baixas a altas (0,08-0,34; 0,04-0,29 e 0,05-0,21 na raça Landrace e 0,16-0,30; 0,10-0,37 e 0,09-0,32 na Large White, para NTLN, NLNV e NLV5, respectivamente). A alta correlação de posto entre os valores genéticos do NLNV e NLV5 sugere que não há necessidades do controle do NLV5 nesse programa de melhoramento genético. Maiores ganhos podem ser obtidos pela seleção no NLNV de fêmeas primíparas, em função da diminuição do intervalo de gerações.


This study aimed to estimate genetic parameters for total number of piglets born (NTLN), number of piglets born alive (NLNV) and number of piglets alive at five days of age (NLV5) using random regression models and to evaluate the best way for modelling the residual variance in the description of the genetic trajectories of litter size in Landrace and Large White breeds. The data came from a swine breed improvement program, and a total of 2388 and 2325 litter size records of Landrace and Large White, respectively were used in the analyses. The models considering homogenous residual variance showed the best goodness of fit for NTLN and NLV5 and the model with four classes of residual variances was most appropriate for NLNV (BIC). In the Landrace breed the maternal effect was not significant. The model including maternal effect and four classes of residual variance adequately described NTLN of Large White breed and the models without maternal effect and with homogeneous residual variance were most appropriate to describe NLNV and NLV5. The estimated heritability for NTLN, NLNV and NLV5 ranged from low to high (0.08-0.34, 0.04-0.29 and 0.05-0.21 in Landrace breed and 0.16-0.30, 0.10-0.37, 0.09-0.32 in Large White breed.). The magnitude of the rank correlations between breeding values of NLNV and NLV5 suggests that the recording of NLV5 is not necessary in this breed improvement program. High genetic gains can be obtained by selecting NLNV of primiparous females, due to the reduction in the generation interval.


Subject(s)
Animals , Infant, Newborn , Animals, Newborn/genetics , Swine , Genetic Enhancement
10.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 17(3): 427-435, Jul-Sep/2015. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-752549

ABSTRACT

RESUMO O trato urinário normalmente é estéril, no entanto, pode ser contaminado por agentes etiológicos provenientes da microbiota intestinal, dentre os mais comuns pode-se destacar a Escherichia coli. Os microrganismos estão se tornando cada vez mais resistentes a múltiplos antimicrobianos. É notória, portanto, a necessidade de encontrar novas substâncias com propriedades antimicrobianas. Portanto, foram avaliados diferentes extratos de Phyllanthus sp, frente a microrganismos causadores de infecções no trato urinário e comparadas as técnicas de hole-plate e disco difusão. Para ambas as técnicas avaliadas, o extrato de 72 horas mostrou melhor atividade antimicrobiana, na técnica de disco difusão, a bactéria mais sensível foi o Staphylococcus saprophyticcus, que apresentou CMI (Concentração Mínima Inibitória) de 15,84 mg/mL. Com a utilização da técnica de hole-plate, a bactéria mais sensível observada foi Staphylococcus aureus, com valor de CMI igual ao reportado anteriormente. Foi observado que os extratos alcoólicos obtiveram maior eficiência em relação às infusões, que a técnica de hole-plate revelou ser mais eficiente que a técnica de disco difusão e que os cocos Gram positivos foram mais susceptíveis quando comparadas aos bacilos Gram negativos e fungos.


ABSTRACT Commonly, the urinary treat is sterile, but it can also be contaminated by etiological agents from the intestinal treat, of which the Escherichiacoli is the most common one. These microorganisms are increasingly becoming more resistant to multiple antibiotics. It became necessary to find new substances with antimicrobial properties, so the purpose of this paper is to evaluate different Phyllanthus sp extracts- in face of microorganisms which cause the urinary treat infections- and compare it to the hole-plate and disk diffusion techniques. The 72 hours extraction showed better antimicrobial activity in both methods. Using disk diffusion, the most sensitive bacterium was the Staphylococcus saprophyticcus, with the MIC of 15,84 mg/mL. While using the technique of hole-plate, the most sensitive bacterium was the Staphylococcus aureus, with the same MIC of the previous cited bacterium. This study showed that the alcoholic extracts were more efficient than the infusions. It can also be observed that the hole-plate technique seems to be more efficient than the disk diffusion one, and the Gram positive cocci bacteria were more sensitive than the Gram negative bacilli and fungi.


Subject(s)
Urinary Tract/pathology , Plant Extracts/analysis , Phyllanthus/classification , Infections/complications , Noxae/pharmacology
11.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 47(2): 171-178, 2/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-699770

ABSTRACT

Changes in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in pulmonary vessels have been described in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and may contribute to the development of pulmonary hypoplasia and hypertension; however, how the expression of VEGF receptors changes during fetal lung development in CDH is not understood. The aim of this study was to compare morphological evolution with expression of VEGF receptors, VEGFR1 (Flt-1) and VEGFR2 (Flk-1), in pseudoglandular, canalicular, and saccular stages of lung development in normal rat fetuses and in fetuses with CDH. Pregnant rats were divided into four groups (n=20 fetuses each) of four different gestational days (GD) 18.5, 19.5, 20.5, 21.5: external control (EC), exposed to olive oil (OO), exposed to 100 mg nitrofen, by gavage, without CDH (N-), and exposed to nitrofen with CDH (CDH) on GD 9.5 (term=22 days). The morphological variables studied were: body weight (BW), total lung weight (TLW), left lung weight, TLW/BW ratio, total lung volume, and left lung volume. The histometric variables studied were: left lung parenchymal area density and left lung parenchymal volume. VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 expression were determined by Western blotting. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance with the Tukey-Kramer post hoc test. CDH frequency was 37% (80/216). All the morphological and histometric variables were reduced in the N- and CDH groups compared with the controls, and reductions were more pronounced in the CDH group (P<0.05) and more evident on GD 20.5 and GD 21.5. Similar results were observed for VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 expression. We conclude that N- and CDH fetuses showed primary pulmonary hypoplasia, with a decrease in VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 expression.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital/metabolism , Lung/drug effects , Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/metabolism , Disease Models, Animal , Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital/chemically induced , Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital/embryology , Lung/embryology , Phenyl Ethers , Rats, Sprague-Dawley
12.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 65(2): 447-454, abr. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-673120

ABSTRACT

Avaliaram-se o desempenho e as características bioquímicas de leitões desmamados, utilizando-se aditivos alternativos em substituição aos antibióticos. Foram utilizados 480 leitões machos, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, composto por cinco tratamentos. A ração foi à base de milho, farelo de soja e um núcleo comercial para leitões. Os tratamentos consistiram em T1: ração sem aditivos, T2: dieta basal com antibiótico, T3: dieta basal com adição de prebiótico, T4: dieta basal com adição de probiótico e T5: dieta basal com adição de simbiótico. Foram avaliados peso corporal, ganho de peso, consumo de ração e conversão alimentar. Em 50 amostras de sangue de leitões, sendo 10 amostras de cada tratamento, avaliaram-se as concentrações séricas de proteínas totais, de albumina e globulina, a relação albumina:globulina e a fosfatase alcalina, creatinina, alanina aminotransferase, aspartato aminotransferase, gama- glutamiltransferase, colesterol, ureia, cálcio e fósforo e a relação cálcio:fósforo. A substituição de antibióticos por aditivos alternativos não influenciou o desempenho nem as características bioquímicas dos leitões.


The experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance and biochemical parameters in weaned piglets using alternative supplements to replace antibiotics. A total of 480 male pigs were used, randomly distributed in delineation with five treatments. The feed was based on corn, soybean meal and a commercial core for piglets. The treatments were T1: diet without supplements or basal diet, T2: basal diet with antibiotics, T3: basal diet with added probiotic, T4: basal diet with added probiotic and T5: basal diet with addition of symbiotic. In the experiment we evaluated performance characteristics, body weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion. In the second part of the experiment, we evaluated the biochemical parameters of piglets used in the first experiment, fifty blood samples, ten samples of each treatment, were taken, and after separation of the clot, the serum was frozen at -20°C. Subsequently we analyzed the serum levels of total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin, ALP, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase, cholesterol, urea, calcium, phosphorus and calcium/phosphorus ratio. No significant differences in biochemical parameters or in the performance of piglets submitted to different diets were found.


Subject(s)
Biochemistry/methods , Saccharomyces/chemistry , Swine/classification
13.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-666336

ABSTRACT

Este estudo objetivou obter informações sobre o padrão de atividade física de escolares de sete a dez anos para subsidiar o desenvolvimento de um instrumento baseado em web, destinado a monitorar este comportamento com o uso do computador. Foram realizados seis grupos focais com professores de Educação Física (n = 37). As transcrições foram submetidas à análise qualitativa utilizando uma matriz temática que permitiu a identificação de três categorias: padrões de atividade física dos escolares; limitações do instrumento na versão papel e lápis (Questionário de Atividade Física do Dia Anterior); sugestões de melhorias para o instrumento baseado em web. As principais contribuições para o desenho do instrumento foram: o aumento do número de atividades representadas; inclusão de atividades sedentárias; segmentação do dia para auxiliar a recuperação das informações; melhoria da qualidade gráfica dos desenhos. As informações obtidas permitiram estabelecer as características necessárias para o instrumento proposto, contribuindo para o alcance de maiores níveis de validade de conteúdo e de processo de resposta.


This study aimed to obtain information on the physical activity patterns of schoolchildren aged 7-10 years to support the development of a web-based tool designed to monitor this behavior. Six focal groups were carried out with physical education teachers (n = 37). Thematic analyses were performed based on written transcripts. Three major categories were identified: schoolchildren physical activity patterns; limitations of the pencil and paper instrument format (Previous Day Physical Activity Questionnaire); and suggestions to improve the web based instrument. The main contributions for the instrument design were: increasing the number of physical activities presented in paper and pencil format; inclusion of sedentary activities; segmented day format in order to improve information recall; improvements in graphical design quality. Will be used along with researcher?s expertise as well as usability and validity tests in order to obtain a friendly and intelligible interface for 7 to 10 year old schoolchildren. Information gathered through focus groups allowed to establish the necessary characteristics for the proposed instrument, contributing to the achievement of higher levels of content validity and response process.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Health Surveys , Internet , Motor Activity , Qualitative Research , Surveys and Questionnaires
14.
Braz. j. biol ; 72(3): 519-531, Aug. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-649341

ABSTRACT

Studies on Neotropical aquatic macrophytes have increased in recent decades, however species richness in wetlands of South America is far from being fully known. In addition, studies having an ecological approach are scarce in the Pantanal. Rapid assessments are essential for gaining knowledge of the biodiversity in the region. This study was performed in five sites of the Baía do Castelo, the western border of the Brazilian Pantanal, which included wild-rice patches, floating mats and floating meadows. At each site, plots of 0.5 × 0.5 m were set (n = 137), species of aquatic macrophytes were identified, their coverage was measured and the plot depth was estimated. We recorded 57 species in 26 families, of which Poaceae was the richest. The most frequent and abundant species was Commelina schomburgkiana; the second most frequent was Oryza latifolia,followed by Leersia hexandra, Enydra radicans and Pityrogramma calomelanos. The latter species was second in cover, followed by Pontederia rotundifolia, Eichhornia azurea, E. crassipes and Enydra radicans. These five species and C. schomburgkiana (the most abundant) together represent more than half of the coverage on the lake. Pontederia rotundifolia, Ludwigia helminthorrhiza, Pistia stratiotes, E. azurea, E. crassipes, Enydra radicans and Panicum elephantipes were strongly associated with deeper areas, while Oryza latifolia, Leersia hexandra and Salvinia auriculata were prevalent in shallow areas. Pityrogramma calomelanos, Ludwigia nervosa, Ipomoea alba, Cayaponia podantha, Polygonum acuminatum, Rhynchanthera novemnervia and Ludwigia leptocarpa were highly correlated with floating meadows. The structure of the habitat, natural dynamics and zonation of aquatic vegetation in the Baía do Castelo seems to be influenced by a variation in water levels, which promotes spatial segregation, most likely due to competition and/habitat preference.


Estudos sobre macrófitas aquáticas Neotropicais aumentaram nas últimas décadas; todavia, a riqueza de espécies em áreas úmidas da América do Sul está longe de ser plenamente conhecida. Além disso, trabalhos com abordagem ecológica são escassos no Pantanal. Por essa razão, levantamentos rápidos são essenciais para o conhecimento sobre a biodiversidade. Este estudo foi realizado em cinco pontos na Baía do Castelo, borda oeste do Pantanal brasileiro, os quais incluíram arrozal, camalotal e baceiros. Em cada ponto, foram estabelecidas parcelas 0.5 × 0.5 m (n = 137), onde foram identificadas as espécies de macrófitas aquáticas, estimada a cobertura e tomada a profundidade. Registramos 57 espécies distribuídas em 26 famílias, das quais a mais rica foi a Poaceae. A espécie mais frequente e abundante foi Commelina schomburgkiana; a segunda mais frequente foi Oryza latifolia, seguida por Leersia hexandra, Enydra radicans e Pityrogramma calomelanos. Essa última espécie foi a segunda com maior cobertura, seguida por Pontederia rotundifolia, Eichhornia azurea, E. crassipes e Enydra radicans. Essas cinco espécies juntamente com C. schomburgkiana (a mais abundante) representam mais da metade da cobertura na Baía do Castelo. Pontederia rotundifolia, Ludwigia helminthorrhiza, Pistia stratiotes, E. azurea, E. crassipes, E. radicans e Panicum elephantipes foram fortemente relacionadas às áreas mais profundas, enquanto Oryza latifolia, Leersia hexandra e Salvinia auriculata foram relacionadas a areas mais rasas. Pityrogramma calomelanos, Ludwigia nervosa, Ipomoea alba, Cayaponia podantha, Polygonum acuminatum, Rhynchanthera novemnervia e Ludwigia leptocarpa foram altamente correlacionadas com baceiros. A estrutura do habitat, a dinâmica natural e a zonação da vegetação aquática aparentam ser influenciadas pela variação nos níveis d'água na Baía do Castelo, os quais promovem a segregação espacial, provavelmente pela competição e/ou preferência por habitat.


Subject(s)
Magnoliopsida/classification , Biodiversity , Lakes , Brazil , Population Density , Seasons
15.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 64(2): 245-252, abr. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-622474

ABSTRACT

Complexos cumulus-oócito (COC), oócitos desnudos (DO) e DO cocultivados com células do cumulus em suspensão (DO+CC) foram maturados in vitro (MIV) na presença ou ausência de cisteamina (50mM). Observou-se efeito benéfico da cisteamina durante o cultivo de MIV, pois a maturação nuclear no grupo COC cisteamina foi maior do que a do COC controle (P<0,05). No grupo sem a adição de cisteamina, foi observado que a ausência de CC durante o cultivo de MIV prejudicou a maturação nuclear em DO, em relação ao COC (P<0,05), todavia a cisteamina restaurou a capacidade de progressão da meiose em DO, tornando-os semelhantes aos COC (P>0,05). O acoplamento entre oócitos e CC durante MIV demonstrou ser essencial para aquisição da competência do oócito para suportar o desenvolvimento embrionário inicial, pois COC apresentaram maior porcentagem de blastocistos e eclosão quando comparados a DO e DO+CC (P<0,05). A inclusão de cisteamina no cultivo de MIV não restaurou a aquisição da competência em DO e DO+CC, que permaneceram semelhantes aos do grupo-controle (P>0,05). Conclui-se que a cisteamina no meio de MIV melhora as taxas de maturação nuclear em COC e restaura a capacidade de progressão da meiose em DO. Todavia, na concentração utilizada neste estudo, não promove efeito benéfico no desenvolvimento embrionário.


Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC), denuded oocytes (DO) and DO co-cultured with cumulus cells in suspension (DO+CC) were in vitro matured (IVM) in the presence or absence of cysteamine (50mM). A beneficial effect of cysteamine was observed during IVM, because the nuclear maturation in the COC cysteamine group was higher than in COC control (P<0.05). In the control group, the absence of CC during IVM impaired nuclear maturation in DO when compared to COC (P<0.05), but cysteamine restored the ability of meiosis progression in DO, making them similar to COC (P>0.05). The coupling between oocytes and CC during IVM proved to be essential for the acquisition of oocyte competence to support early embryonic development, as COC had higher percentages of blastocyst and hatching when compared to DO and DO+DC (P<0.05). However, the inclusion of cysteamine in the IVM culture did not restore the acquisition of competence in DO and DO+DC, which remained similar to the control group (P>0.05). It is concluded that cysteamine in the IVM culture improves the nuclear maturation in COC and restores the progression ability of meiosis in DO. However, in the concentration used in this study, cysteamine does not promote a beneficial effect on embryo development.

16.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 63(1): 158-164, Feb. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-582339

ABSTRACT

Estimaram-se as herdabilidades para os efeitos genéticos direto e materno e as correlações genéticas entre essas variáveis para os pesos ao desmame (P205), ao ano (P365) e ao sobreano (P550) em um rebanho Nelore do norte de Minas Gerais. O modelo estatístico incluiu os efeitos aditivos direto e materno, os efeitos fixos de grupo de contemporâneos (fazenda, sexo, regime alimentar, estação (seca e água) e ano de nascimento do animal) e o efeito da covariável idade da vaca ao parto (linear e quadrático). Os componentes de variância e os valores genéticos foram estimados utilizando-se o método REML. A tendência genética foi obtida utilizando-se a regressão do valor genético médio anual em relação ao ano de nascimento dos animais. As estimativas de herdabilidade do efeito aditivo direto () para P205, P365 e P550 foram 0,60, 0,69 e 0,75, respectivamente. Estes coeficientes de são de alta magnitude, indicando que o rebanho apresenta variabilidade genética aditiva relativa e, portanto, espera-se progresso genético considerável utilizando a seleção. Pela análise da tendência genética, verificou-se que houve evolução nos valores genéticos dos animais ao longo dos anos estudados.


The heritabilities for direct and maternal genetic effects and genetic correlations between these effects were estimated for weight at 205 (P205), 365 (P365), and 550 days (P550) in a Nelore herd in northern Minas Gerais. The statistical model included direct and maternal additive effects, in addition to the fixed effects of contemporary group (farm, gender, diet, season - dry and water -, and year of birth) and the covariate age of cow at calving (linear and quadratic effects). The variance components and genetic values were estimated by REML method. The genetic trend was obtained using the regression of the annual mean genetic value in relation to the year birth. The heritability estimates for the direct additive effect () for P205, P365, and P550 were equal to 0.60, 0.69, and 0.75, respectively. These coefficients showed high magnitude, indicating that the herd in question presents a great additive genetic variability and therefore it is expected a great progress using genetic selection. By the analysis of genetic trend, it was verified a development in animals genetic values over the years studied.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle/classification , Genetics/instrumentation , Genotype , Gestational Age , Phenotype , Body Weight/physiology
17.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 43(2): 160-165, Feb. 2010. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-538238

ABSTRACT

Babies with gastroschisis have high morbidity, which is associated with inflammatory bowel injury caused by exposure to amniotic fluid. The objective of this study was to identify components of the inflammatory response in the intestine and liver in an experimental model of gastroschisis in rats. The model was surgically created at 18.5 days of gestation. The fetuses were exposed through a hysterotomy and an incision at the right of the umbilicus was made, exposing the fetal bowel. Then, the fetus was placed back into the uterus until term. The bowel in this model had macro- and microscopic characteristics similar to those observed in gastroschisis. The study was conducted on three groups of 20 fetuses each: gastroschisis, control, and sham fetuses. Fetal body, intestine and liver weights and intestine length were measured. IL-1â, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-á, IFN-ã and NF-kappaB levels were assessed by ELISA. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA followed by the Tukey post-test. Gastroschisis fetuses had a decreased intestine length (means ± SD, 125 ± 25 vs 216 ± 13.9; P < 0.005) and increased intestine weight (0.29 ± 0.05 vs 0.24 ± 0.04; P < 0.005). Intestine length correlated with liver weight only in gastroschisis fetuses (Pearson’s correlation coefficient, r = 0.518, P = 0.019). There were no significant differences in the concentrations of IL-1â, TNF-á or IFN-ã in the intestine, whereas the concentration of NF-kappaB was increased in both the intestine and liver of fetuses with gastroschisis. These results show that the inflammatory response in the liver and intestine of the rat model of gastroschisis is accompanied by an increase in the amount of NF-kappaB in the intestine and liver.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Cytokines/analysis , Gastroschisis/metabolism , Inflammation Mediators/analysis , Intestines/chemistry , Liver/chemistry , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Disease Models, Animal , Gastroschisis/pathology , Intestines/pathology , Liver/pathology , Rats, Sprague-Dawley
18.
Braz. j. phys. ther. (Impr.) ; 10(1): 121-126, jan.-mar. 2006.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-433028

ABSTRACT

O questionario de qualidade de vida Medical Outcome Study Short From -36 (MOS SF-36) permite monitorar condicao de saude antes e apos o tratamento instituido, sendo sencivel a melhora clinica. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a qualidade de vida de pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de revascularizacao do mocardio e que participaram de um programa de reabilitacao cardiaca, atraves da aplicacao do questionario MOS SF-36. Metodologia: foram incluidos nesse estudo 24 individuos de ambos os sexos (15 homens e 9 mulheres) na faixa etaria entre 23 e 77 anos (idade media 58+-6 anos) submetidos a cirurgia de revascularizacao do miocardio, com quadro clinico estavel e que participem de uma programa de reabilitacao cardiaca fase I. O questionario foi aplicado em tres momentos antes, no 5º dia do pos-operatorio e 2 meses apos a cirurgia. Para analise estatistica foi utilizado o teste de wilcoxon para amostras pareadas. Resultados Observou-se queda dos seguintes parametros Funcionamento do Organismo (p=0,000), Limitacao por Disturbios fisicos (p=0,002), vitalidade (p=0,003) e dor (p=0,000) apos a cirurgia, havenso recuperacao significativa 2 meses apos (p=0,008, p=0,000,p=0,000 e p=0,000 respectivamente).Este estudo sugere que o questionario MOS SF-36 permite avaliar os beneficios da reabilitacao cardiaca fase I a qual propocionou autoconfianca e retorno as atividades diarias


Subject(s)
Myocardial Revascularization , Quality of Life , Rehabilitation , Statistics, Nonparametric
19.
Divulg. saúde debate ; (31): 69-73, dez. 2004. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-418071

ABSTRACT

No Brasil, o Ministério da Saúde (MS) publicou normas de atençåo ao pré-natal, com a finalidade de organizar a rede de assistência básica, secundária e terciária, visando a facilitar o acesso das gestantes ao pré-natal. O Ministério da Saúde e as secretarias estaduais e municipais de saúde implementaram o Programa Saúde da Família, por meio do qual a mulher recebe assistência de pré-natal de baixo risco, próximo às suas residências.


Subject(s)
Family Health , Prenatal Care
20.
Rev. bras. anal. clin ; 31(1): 21-4, 1999. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-246308

ABSTRACT

Através das requisiçöes utilizadas na coleta de dados referentes aos exames preventivos, do laboratório com atendimento conveniado (laboratório A) e do laboratório com atendimento pelo SUS (laboratório B), no período de agosto de 1997 a trinta e um de dezembro de 1997, avaliou-se a procura por este tipo de exame relacionado com a faixa etária, uso hormonal, data do último preventivo e classificaçäo. Constatamos que o maior número de pacientes do laboratório A encontrava-se na faixa etária de 21 a 34 anos, e o número de pacientes do laboratório B na faixa etária de 21 a 27 anos. Em relaçäo ao uso hormonal a porcentagem de pacientes atendidos pelo laboratório A foi de 30,70 por cento e das atendidas pelo laboratório B foi de 17,80 por cento. Na realizaçäo do exame prévio, os índices encontrados foram de 45,62 por cento e 15,40 por cento no laboratório A e B respectivamente. Na maior parte dos exames realizados anteriormente, observou-se a prevalência da Classe II de Papanicolaou no ano de 1996 em ambos os laboratórios


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Hospital-Physician Joint Ventures , Public Health Laboratory Services , Unified Health System , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/diagnosis , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control , Vaginal Smears , Carcinoma/diagnosis , Epidemiologic Studies , Evaluation Study , Hormones/therapeutic use , Incidence , Prevalence , Sex Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Data Interpretation, Statistical
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